So what did DeepSeek do that deep-pocketed OpenAI didnt?

By comparison, OpenAI CEO Sam Altmansaid that GPT-4cost more than $100 million to train.

DeepSeek didnt invent most of the optimization techniques it used.

DeepSeek’s latest AI models outperform OpenAI’s on some advanced tasks and were much cheaper to build.

DeepSeek’s latest AI models outperform OpenAI’s on some advanced tasks and were much cheaper to build.© CFOTO/Getty Images

Some, like using data formats thatuse less memory, have been proposed by its bigger competitors.

The company hasnt said how exactly it did that.

DeepSeek, on the other hand, laid out its process.

Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla, during a cabinet meeting at the White House in Washington, DC, US, on Thursday, April 10, 2025.

The results of the pure reinforcement learning approach werent perfect.

The R1-Zero models outputs were sometimes difficult to read and switched between languages.

Doing more with less underpins the approach taken at several Chinese state-funded labs.

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